Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. They vary in size and can range from tiny grains to large stones that can obstruct the urinary tract, causing severe pain and potential complications. When a stone moves through the urinary tract, it can cause sharp pain, blood in the urine, or difficulty urinating.
While smaller stones may pass on their own, larger stones can lead to intense pain, infection, or kidney damage, making prompt medical intervention crucial.
The most common type, calcium stones, are made of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. High levels of calcium in the urine, combined with substances like oxalate, contribute to the formation of these stones.
Uric acid stones form when there’s an excess of uric acid in the urine, often due to high-protein diets, dehydration, or conditions like gout. These stones are typically smooth and can be difficult to detect in imaging tests.
Struvite stones form as a result of urinary tract infections. They tend to grow quickly and can be large, sometimes taking up the entire kidney. These stones are often associated with chronic UTIs.
Cystine stones are rare and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder called cystinuria, which causes excessive cystine (an amino acid) to be excreted in the urine. These stones are usually large and can cause recurrent problems.
Smaller kidney stones may pass through the urinary tract on their own with proper hydration and pain management. Dr. Rashmi Algeri recommends the following:
ESWL is a non-invasive procedure that uses sound waves to break large kidney stones into smaller pieces, making it easier for them to pass. Dr. Rashmi Algeri determines if this procedure is appropriate based on the size and location of the stone.
In cases where the stone is lodged in the ureter and cannot pass on its own, a ureteroscopy may be performed. A small scope is passed through the urinary tract to remove or break the stone.
For large or complex kidney stones, a surgical procedure called percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the stone through a small incision in the back.
Drinking plenty of water is the most effective prevention strategy. Staying well-hydrated ensures that urine remains diluted, making it less likely for crystals to form and aggregate into stones.
For individuals with recurrent kidney stones, Dr. Rashmi Algeri may recommend medications to prevent future stones. These medications can help control the levels of calcium, uric acid, or cystine in the urine, reducing the likelihood of stone formation.
For those with underlying conditions like gout, hyperparathyroidism, or inflammatory bowel disease, managing these conditions effectively can reduce the risk of kidney stones.
:Kidney stones: can lead to serious discomfort and complications without timely :treatment. Dr. Rashmi Algeri:, a trusted :nephrologist: in Goregaon, Mumbai, offers expert management and preventive care for kidney stones. With accurate diagnosis, medical intervention, and lifestyle guidance, she helps reduce pain and prevent recurrence—ensuring better kidney health and long-term relief.
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