Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) happens when the kidneys suddenly stop working. This condition can result from several causes like dehydration, medication side effects, infections, or blockages in the urinary tract. Unlike chronic kidney disease, which develops over a long period, AKI comes on quickly, often within hours or days. The good news is that with proper medical intervention, the kidneys can recover fully in many cases, especially when diagnosed early.
Reduced blood flow is one of the most common causes of AKI. It can result from conditions like severe dehydration, major surgery, or heart failure. When the kidneys don’t receive enough blood, they are unable to filter out toxins and waste. If untreated, this can cause kidney damage and potentially lead to irreversible failure.
Infections such as sepsis, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications (like antibiotics or NSAIDs) can directly damage kidney tissue. This damage impairs the kidneys’ ability to function, and in severe cases, may result in permanent kidney failure. It’s important to monitor the use of potentially harmful medications to prevent such injuries.
When the urinary tract is obstructed, usually by kidney stones, tumors, or an enlarged prostate, urine cannot flow freely from the kidneys to the bladder. This pressure buildup damages the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure. Treatment for urinary blockages typically involves surgical removal or other procedures to clear the obstruction.
One of the hallmark symptoms of AKI is a noticeable decrease in urine output or even a complete lack of urination. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to filter waste or regulate fluid levels. Any significant drop in urine output should be taken seriously and addressed immediately by a healthcare professional.
As kidneys lose their ability to remove excess fluid from the body, swelling may develop in areas such as the legs, ankles, and face. This swelling is a sign that the kidneys are struggling to maintain fluid balance, which can worsen if not treated.
The accumulation of waste and toxins in the bloodstream can cause fatigue, drowsiness, and confusion. This is because the kidneys are no longer efficiently removing these substances. If left untreated, these symptoms can progress, leading to a decrease in overall mental and physical well-being.
The buildup of toxins can also affect the digestive system, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and a loss of appetite. These are common symptoms of kidney dysfunction, and addressing the root cause of the AKI is essential to alleviate these discomforts.
Maintaining proper hydration is essential for kidney health. Dehydration is one of the leading causes of AKI. Make sure to drink water regularly, especially during periods of illness, heavy exercise, or in hot weather.
Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes are major risk factors for kidney injury. Regular monitoring and control of blood pressure and blood sugar levels can significantly reduce the risk of AKI.
Be cautious with the use of over-the-counter medications, especially painkillers like ibuprofen, which can harm the kidneys when taken in large quantities or over extended periods. Always consult with a doctor before starting any new medication.
Infections can quickly spread to the kidneys, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs) or blood infections. Early detection and treatment of infections are vital to prevent them from progressing to AKI.
If you’re hospitalized or undergoing surgery, ensure that your kidney function is being closely monitored. The risk of AKI increases in hospitalized patients, particularly those with existing health issues like heart disease or diabetes.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a medical emergency, but with timely diagnosis and proper treatment permanent kidney damage can often be avoided. Dr. Rashmi Algeri, a leading nephrologist, in Goregaon, Mumbai, offers expert Acute Kidney Injury care tailored to each patient. Her prompt, personalized approach helps many patients recover fully and restore healthy kidney function.
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