Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood. It develops over months or years and is often caused by conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Early stages of CKD may not show symptoms, but as the condition progresses, it can lead to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of CKD. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste effectively. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a type of kidney disease that worsens kidney function.
Chronic high blood pressure puts excess strain on the kidneys, causing damage to the blood vessels that are crucial for filtration. This can eventually lead to CKD. Managing hypertension through lifestyle changes and medications is critical in preventing kidney damage.
PKD is a genetic disorder in which cysts grow in the kidneys, leading to kidney enlargement and eventual kidney failure. Over time, these cysts can interfere with the kidney’s function, making transplantation the only option in severe cases.
This refers to inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units (glomeruli). It can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors. If untreated, glomerulonephritis can lead to CKD by damaging the kidney's filtering system.
Conditions such as kidney stones or enlarged prostate can obstruct the urinary tract, putting pressure on the kidneys and causing long-term damage. This can ultimately lead to CKD if left untreated.
As the kidneys lose their filtering function, waste and toxins accumulate in the bloodstream, causing extreme fatigue and weakness. This can make it difficult to carry out everyday tasks and enjoy a normal quality of life.
When the kidneys are not functioning properly, the body may retain excess fluid, leading to swelling, especially in the legs, ankles, and feet. This can cause discomfort and limit mobility.
In the early stages of CKD, patients may experience changes in urination patterns, such as more frequent or less frequent urination, or the presence of blood or foam in the urine. These changes should be addressed promptly by a healthcare provider.
Fluid buildup can also affect the lungs, leading to shortness of breath, especially during physical activities or when lying flat. This is a serious symptom that should not be ignored.
Accumulating waste products in the blood can affect the digestive system, leading to a loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can impact nutrition and overall health.
In this stage, kidney function is still normal, but there may be signs of kidney damage, such as protein in the urine. Regular monitoring and treatment can help manage the condition and prevent progression to later stages.
At this stage, kidney function begins to decline, and patients may experience mild symptoms. Early treatment, such as controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, can slow further progression.
By stage 3, kidney function has significantly decreased. Symptoms like fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination become more noticeable. Patients may require medications to manage symptoms and slow kidney decline.
In stage 4, kidney function is severely impaired, and patients may need to prepare for dialysis or a kidney transplant. Close monitoring and aggressive management are critical at this stage.
This is the final stage of CKD, where kidney function is less than 15%. Dialysis or a kidney transplant is required for survival.
A blood test measuring creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) helps determine kidney function. These tests are essential in diagnosing CKD and monitoring its progression.
Urine tests can reveal the presence of protein or blood, both of which are indicators of kidney damage. A urine test helps assess the severity of kidney dysfunction.
Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans are used to examine the kidneys for structural abnormalities such as cysts, tumors, or blockages that may contribute to CKD.
In some cases, a kidney biopsy is necessary to determine the cause of kidney damage and to tailor the most appropriate treatment plan for the patient.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition, but with early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle changes, its progression can be controlled. Dr. Rashmi Algeri, a trusted nephrologist, in Goregaon, Mumbai, provides expert Chronic Kidney Disease treatment tailored to each patient’s needs. Her comprehensive, patient-focused care helps manage symptoms and improve kidney health outcomes over time.
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